Core Structure and Classification of Hydraulic Master Cylinders
The hydraulic master cylinder serves as the "heart" of the braking system, with its structure directly determining the efficiency of braking force transmission. Based on the number of chambers, they can be categorized into two types:
Single-Chamber Master Cylinder: Commonly used in early vehicle models. Its single pressure chamber offers a simple structure, but oil leakage can cause complete brake failure. Piston diameter typically ranges from 20-22mm, suitable for light-duty vehicles (refer to SAE J1153 standard).
Dual-chamber master cylinder: Standard in modern vehicles, featuring independent front and rear chambers (as illustrated in Figure 1). Failure in one chamber allows the other to maintain 50% braking force. Master cylinder bore sizes range from 22-25mm, operating at pressures of 10-12MPa (Source: ISO 4925).